In literary criticism,
stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an
individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's
thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue (see below), or in
connection to his or her actions. Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually
regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by
associative leaps in thought and lack of punctuation. Stream of consciousness
and interior monologue are distinguished from dramatic monologue and soliloquy,
where the speaker is addressing an audience or a third person, which are
chiefly used in poetry or drama. In stream of consciousness the speaker's
thought processes are more often depicted as overheard in the mind (or
addressed to oneself); it is primarily a fictional device.
2.
Don Quixote
Don Quixote, fully
titled The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (Spanish: El ingenioso
hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha), is a novel written by Miguel de Cervantes.
The novel follows the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an hidalgo who reads so
many chivalric novels, that he decides to set out to revive chivalry under the
name of Don Quixote. He recruits a simple farmer, Sancho Panza, as his squire,
who frequently deals with Don Quixote's rhetorical orations on antiquated
knighthood with a unique, earthy wit. He is met by the world as it is,
initiating themes like intertextuality, realism, metatheatre and literary
representation.
3.
Subjectivity
Subjectivity
refers to the subject and the subject's perspective, feelings, beliefs, and
desires. In philosophy, the term is usually contrasted with objectivity.
Subjectivity
refers to individual interpretations of experiences consisting of emotional,
intellectual, and spiritual perceptions and misperceptions.
This term contrasts
with objectivity, which is used to describe humans as "seeing" the
universe exactly for what it is from a standpoint free from human perception
and its influences, human cultural interventions, past experience and
expectation of the result.
4.
Mimesis
Mimesis, "to
imitate," from μῖμος (mimos), "imitator, actor") is a critical
and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings, which include
imitation, representation, mimicry, imitatio, receptivity, nonsensuous
similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression, and the presentation
of the self.
Literary realism is
the trend, beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and
extending to late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century authors, towards
depictions of contemporary life and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of
general "realism," Realist authors opted for depictions of everyday
and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly
stylized presentation.
6.
Tude:
偏頗
e.g.: attitude, aptitude
The foot is the basic
metrical unit that generates a line of verse in most Western traditions of
poetry, including English accentual-syllabic verse and the quantitative meter
of classical ancient Greek and Latin poetry. The unit is composed of syllables,
the number of which is limited, with a few variations, by the sound pattern the
foot represents. The most common feet in English are the iamb, trochee, dactyl,
and anapest.
Iambic pentameter is a
commonly used metrical line in traditional verse and verse drama. The term
describes the particular rhythm that the words establish in that line. That
rhythm is measured in small groups of syllables; these small groups of
syllables are called "feet". The word "iambic" describes
the type of foot that is used (in English, an unstressed syllable followed by a
stressed syllable). The word "pentameter" indicates that a line has
five of these "feet."
9.
Alliteration
In language,
alliteration is the repetition of a particular sound in the prominent lifts (or
stressed syllables) of a series of words or phrases. Alliteration has developed
largely through poetry, in which it more narrowly refers to the repetition of a
consonant in any syllables that, according to the poem's meter, are stressed,
as in James Thomson's verse "Come…dragging the lazy languid Line
along". Another example is Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers.
10.
The
Raven
wander: Odysseus
shore: Ithaca (Homer)
11.
Apollo
Apollo is one of the
most important and complex of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman
religion, Greek and Roman mythology, and Greco–Roman Neopaganism. The ideal of
the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized
as a god of light and the sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music,
poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the
chaste huntress Artemis. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology
as Apulu.
12.
Athena
In Greek religion and
mythology, Athena or Athene, is the goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration,
civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy,
the arts, crafts, and skill. Minerva, Athena's Roman incarnation, embodies
similar attributes.
13.
Macbeth:
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time;
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief
candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the
stage,
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.
Macbeth Act 5, scene 5, 19–28
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